✅ По характеру показателей, которые планируется отслеживать в исследовании, конечные точки (КТ) подразделяются на “жесткие” и “мягкие” (суррогатные).
⚠️ Деление относительно и четко не прописано в регуляторных документах.
➣ Что можно отнести к «жестким» конечным точкам (hard clinical end points)?
К ним можно отнести показатели, напрямую отражающие прогноз больных, исходы болезни, такие как общая смерть, смерть, ассоциированная с исходом (с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями (ССЗ) и т.д.), острый инфаркт миокарда, острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения, декомпенсация хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН) и т.д.
✅ По характеру показателей, которые планируется отслеживать в исследовании, конечные точки (КТ) подразделяются на “жесткие” и “мягкие” (суррогатные).
⚠️ Деление относительно и четко не прописано в регуляторных документах.
➣ Что можно отнести к «жестким» конечным точкам (hard clinical end points)?
К ним можно отнести показатели, напрямую отражающие прогноз больных, исходы болезни, такие как общая смерть, смерть, ассоциированная с исходом (с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями (ССЗ) и т.д.), острый инфаркт миокарда, острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения, декомпенсация хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН) и т.д.
BY Независимая Национальная Академия Доказательной Медицины (НКО ННАДМ)
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On February 27th, Durov posted that Channels were becoming a source of unverified information and that the company lacks the ability to check on their veracity. He urged users to be mistrustful of the things shared on Channels, and initially threatened to block the feature in the countries involved for the length of the war, saying that he didn’t want Telegram to be used to aggravate conflict or incite ethnic hatred. He did, however, walk back this plan when it became clear that they had also become a vital communications tool for Ukrainian officials and citizens to help coordinate their resistance and evacuations. Since its launch in 2013, Telegram has grown from a simple messaging app to a broadcast network. Its user base isn’t as vast as WhatsApp’s, and its broadcast platform is a fraction the size of Twitter, but it’s nonetheless showing its use. While Telegram has been embroiled in controversy for much of its life, it has become a vital source of communication during the invasion of Ukraine. But, if all of this is new to you, let us explain, dear friends, what on Earth a Telegram is meant to be, and why you should, or should not, need to care. The news also helped traders look past another report showing decades-high inflation and shake off some of the volatility from recent sessions. The Bureau of Labor Statistics' February Consumer Price Index (CPI) this week showed another surge in prices even before Russia escalated its attacks in Ukraine. The headline CPI — soaring 7.9% over last year — underscored the sticky inflationary pressures reverberating across the U.S. economy, with everything from groceries to rents and airline fares getting more expensive for everyday consumers. Telegram does offer end-to-end encrypted communications through Secret Chats, but this is not the default setting. Standard conversations use the MTProto method, enabling server-client encryption but with them stored on the server for ease-of-access. This makes using Telegram across multiple devices simple, but also means that the regular Telegram chats you’re having with folks are not as secure as you may believe. Update March 8, 2022: EFF has clarified that Channels and Groups are not fully encrypted, end-to-end, updated our post to link to Telegram’s FAQ for Cloud and Secret chats, updated to clarify that auto-delete is available for group and channel admins, and added some additional links.
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