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📌 ماهو الفرق بين
ventricular hypertrophy and ventricular dilatation ?!

🔹ventricular hypertrophy  》is due to pressure overload as in aortic stenosis or S-HTN

🔹ventricular dilatation 》is due to volume overload as in case of increase venous return,ex: increase IV fluids administration

🔸in ventricular hypertrophy 》no displacement of apex beat only forcefull beat

🔸in ventricular dilatation 》displacement of apex beat

🔹ventricular hypertrophy 》
_preserved ejection fraction
_diastolic HF

🔹ventricular dilatation 》
_reduced ejection fraction
_systolic HF

🔸causes of ventricular hypertrophy:
》anything increases AFTERLOAD as
_HTN
_AS
_PS
》other causes as
أي حاجه بتقلل إمتلاء الventricles أثناء الdiastole مثل
احتشاء عضلة القلب بسوائل cardiac temponade
أو تليف restrictive cardiomyopathy
أو زيادة في سمك العضلة نفسها HOCM
أو زيادة في سمك الغشاء حول العضلة constrictive pericarditis

🔸causes of ventricular dilatation:
》anything increases PRELOAD as
_hyperdynamic circulation as : hypervolemia, anemia, thyrotoxicosis
_AR
_PR

》other causes as hypothyroidism
أي مرض بيوسع عضلة القلب مثل
حدوث إلتهاب في عضلة القلب نفسها myocarditis
أو خلل وظيفي في انقباض عضلة القلب لأي سبب مثل DCM



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📌 ماهو الفرق بين
ventricular hypertrophy and ventricular dilatation ?!

🔹ventricular hypertrophy  》is due to pressure overload as in aortic stenosis or S-HTN

🔹ventricular dilatation 》is due to volume overload as in case of increase venous return,ex: increase IV fluids administration

🔸in ventricular hypertrophy 》no displacement of apex beat only forcefull beat

🔸in ventricular dilatation 》displacement of apex beat

🔹ventricular hypertrophy 》
_preserved ejection fraction
_diastolic HF

🔹ventricular dilatation 》
_reduced ejection fraction
_systolic HF

🔸causes of ventricular hypertrophy:
》anything increases AFTERLOAD as
_HTN
_AS
_PS
》other causes as
أي حاجه بتقلل إمتلاء الventricles أثناء الdiastole مثل
احتشاء عضلة القلب بسوائل cardiac temponade
أو تليف restrictive cardiomyopathy
أو زيادة في سمك العضلة نفسها HOCM
أو زيادة في سمك الغشاء حول العضلة constrictive pericarditis

🔸causes of ventricular dilatation:
》anything increases PRELOAD as
_hyperdynamic circulation as : hypervolemia, anemia, thyrotoxicosis
_AR
_PR

》other causes as hypothyroidism
أي مرض بيوسع عضلة القلب مثل
حدوث إلتهاب في عضلة القلب نفسها myocarditis
أو خلل وظيفي في انقباض عضلة القلب لأي سبب مثل DCM

BY 🌏 الطب في جميع أنحاء العالم 🌏


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In this regard, Sebi collaborated with the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) to reduce the vulnerability of the securities market to manipulation through misuse of mass communication medium like bulk SMS. The next bit isn’t clear, but Durov reportedly claimed that his resignation, dated March 21st, was an April Fools’ prank. TechCrunch implies that it was a matter of principle, but it’s hard to be clear on the wheres, whos and whys. Similarly, on April 17th, the Moscow Times quoted Durov as saying that he quit the company after being pressured to reveal account details about Ukrainians protesting the then-president Viktor Yanukovych. He said that since his platform does not have the capacity to check all channels, it may restrict some in Russia and Ukraine "for the duration of the conflict," but then reversed course hours later after many users complained that Telegram was an important source of information. Channels are not fully encrypted, end-to-end. All communications on a Telegram channel can be seen by anyone on the channel and are also visible to Telegram. Telegram may be asked by a government to hand over the communications from a channel. Telegram has a history of standing up to Russian government requests for data, but how comfortable you are relying on that history to predict future behavior is up to you. Because Telegram has this data, it may also be stolen by hackers or leaked by an internal employee. In a message on his Telegram channel recently recounting the episode, Durov wrote: "I lost my company and my home, but would do it again – without hesitation."
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