In ancient Greece snake poison was among a class of dangerous medicinal cures known as pharmakea. The person who administers a pharmakon — which is a poison but can be a cure in the right dosage and at the right time — is a pharmakeus, a “witch doctor” or “black magician.”
In ancient Greece snake poison was among a class of dangerous medicinal cures known as pharmakea. The person who administers a pharmakon — which is a poison but can be a cure in the right dosage and at the right time — is a pharmakeus, a “witch doctor” or “black magician.”
At this point, however, Durov had already been working on Telegram with his brother, and further planned a mobile-first social network with an explicit focus on anti-censorship. Later in April, he told TechCrunch that he had left Russia and had “no plans to go back,” saying that the nation was currently “incompatible with internet business at the moment.” He added later that he was looking for a country that matched his libertarian ideals to base his next startup. Elsewhere, version 8.6 of Telegram integrates the in-app camera option into the gallery, while a new navigation bar gives quick access to photos, files, location sharing, and more. The channel appears to be part of the broader information war that has developed following Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The Kremlin has paid Russian TikTok influencers to push propaganda, according to a Vice News investigation, while ProPublica found that fake Russian fact check videos had been viewed over a million times on Telegram. For Oleksandra Tsekhanovska, head of the Hybrid Warfare Analytical Group at the Kyiv-based Ukraine Crisis Media Center, the effects are both near- and far-reaching. Anastasia Vlasova/Getty Images
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