False news often spreads via public groups, or chats, with potentially fatal effects. Telegram was founded in 2013 by two Russian brothers, Nikolai and Pavel Durov. He adds: "Telegram has become my primary news source." In the past, it was noticed that through bulk SMSes, investors were induced to invest in or purchase the stocks of certain listed companies. For Oleksandra Tsekhanovska, head of the Hybrid Warfare Analytical Group at the Kyiv-based Ukraine Crisis Media Center, the effects are both near- and far-reaching.
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