❗️Биполярное расстройство – это не маниакально-депрессивное заболевание
Введённое Эмилем Крепелином в 1921 году маниакально-депрессивное помешательство затем было слегка перефразировано в маниакально-депрессивное заболевание, чтобы включить большинство пациентов без психотических симптомов. Но уже в 1980 году данное заболевание исчезло из классификаций психических расстройств: маниакально-депрессивное заболевание было разделено на две совершенно новые категории — биполярное расстройство и большое депрессивное расстройство.
❗️Биполярное расстройство – это не маниакально-депрессивное заболевание
Введённое Эмилем Крепелином в 1921 году маниакально-депрессивное помешательство затем было слегка перефразировано в маниакально-депрессивное заболевание, чтобы включить большинство пациентов без психотических симптомов. Но уже в 1980 году данное заболевание исчезло из классификаций психических расстройств: маниакально-депрессивное заболевание было разделено на две совершенно новые категории — биполярное расстройство и большое депрессивное расстройство.
Update March 8, 2022: EFF has clarified that Channels and Groups are not fully encrypted, end-to-end, updated our post to link to Telegram’s FAQ for Cloud and Secret chats, updated to clarify that auto-delete is available for group and channel admins, and added some additional links. Telegram, which does little policing of its content, has also became a hub for Russian propaganda and misinformation. Many pro-Kremlin channels have become popular, alongside accounts of journalists and other independent observers. If you initiate a Secret Chat, however, then these communications are end-to-end encrypted and are tied to the device you are using. That means it’s less convenient to access them across multiple platforms, but you are at far less risk of snooping. Back in the day, Secret Chats received some praise from the EFF, but the fact that its standard system isn’t as secure earned it some criticism. If you’re looking for something that is considered more reliable by privacy advocates, then Signal is the EFF’s preferred platform, although that too is not without some caveats. The company maintains that it cannot act against individual or group chats, which are “private amongst their participants,” but it will respond to requests in relation to sticker sets, channels and bots which are publicly available. During the invasion of Ukraine, Pavel Durov has wrestled with this issue a lot more prominently than he has before. Channels like Donbass Insider and Bellum Acta, as reported by Foreign Policy, started pumping out pro-Russian propaganda as the invasion began. So much so that the Ukrainian National Security and Defense Council issued a statement labeling which accounts are Russian-backed. Ukrainian officials, in potential violation of the Geneva Convention, have shared imagery of dead and captured Russian soldiers on the platform. Andrey, a Russian entrepreneur living in Brazil who, fearing retaliation, asked that NPR not use his last name, said Telegram has become one of the few places Russians can access independent news about the war.
from tr
