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1. Карта происхождения ученых ислама с 661 по 1300 век. Как мы видим, большинство ученых из нашего региона в этот период были выходцами с Южного Кавказа. Что вполне логично, ведь это были земли, завоеванные Халифатом

2. Географическое происхождение ученых в исламском мире, основанное на "Та'рих аль-ислам", книге XIV века , содержащей 30 000 биографий выдающихся ученых мусульманского мира. Вы видите в этих данных ранний упадок арабских ученых и подъем иракских, а затем и иранских ученых. Затем наступил позднесредневековый упадок Ирака и Ирана и переориентация на Сирию и Египет.



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1. Карта происхождения ученых ислама с 661 по 1300 век. Как мы видим, большинство ученых из нашего региона в этот период были выходцами с Южного Кавказа. Что вполне логично, ведь это были земли, завоеванные Халифатом

2. Географическое происхождение ученых в исламском мире, основанное на "Та'рих аль-ислам", книге XIV века , содержащей 30 000 биографий выдающихся ученых мусульманского мира. Вы видите в этих данных ранний упадок арабских ученых и подъем иракских, а затем и иранских ученых. Затем наступил позднесредневековый упадок Ирака и Ирана и переориентация на Сирию и Египет.

BY Turkic OccidentⱯlist





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But Kliuchnikov, the Ukranian now in France, said he will use Signal or WhatsApp for sensitive conversations, but questions around privacy on Telegram do not give him pause when it comes to sharing information about the war. The company maintains that it cannot act against individual or group chats, which are “private amongst their participants,” but it will respond to requests in relation to sticker sets, channels and bots which are publicly available. During the invasion of Ukraine, Pavel Durov has wrestled with this issue a lot more prominently than he has before. Channels like Donbass Insider and Bellum Acta, as reported by Foreign Policy, started pumping out pro-Russian propaganda as the invasion began. So much so that the Ukrainian National Security and Defense Council issued a statement labeling which accounts are Russian-backed. Ukrainian officials, in potential violation of the Geneva Convention, have shared imagery of dead and captured Russian soldiers on the platform. Telegram was co-founded by Pavel and Nikolai Durov, the brothers who had previously created VKontakte. VK is Russia’s equivalent of Facebook, a social network used for public and private messaging, audio and video sharing as well as online gaming. In January, SimpleWeb reported that VK was Russia’s fourth most-visited website, after Yandex, YouTube and Google’s Russian-language homepage. In 2016, Forbes’ Michael Solomon described Pavel Durov (pictured, below) as the “Mark Zuckerberg of Russia.” Telegram does offer end-to-end encrypted communications through Secret Chats, but this is not the default setting. Standard conversations use the MTProto method, enabling server-client encryption but with them stored on the server for ease-of-access. This makes using Telegram across multiple devices simple, but also means that the regular Telegram chats you’re having with folks are not as secure as you may believe. You may recall that, back when Facebook started changing WhatsApp’s terms of service, a number of news outlets reported on, and even recommended, switching to Telegram. Pavel Durov even said that users should delete WhatsApp “unless you are cool with all of your photos and messages becoming public one day.” But Telegram can’t be described as a more-secure version of WhatsApp.
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