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Junger OrientalistπŸ•Š
Π’ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π΅ 1930-Ρ… Π‘ΠΈΡ€ΠΎ-ливанская компартия ΠΎΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ французскому ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡƒ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΌ двиТСния Π·Π° Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅ ΠΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°. ΠšΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ – Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ†Π΅Π² ΠΈ городских Π½ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π±Π»Π΅ΠΉ – «фСодалами…
БовСтский арабист Π”ΠΆΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π’ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡΠΌΡ родился Π² МСккС ΠΎΠΊ.1915 Π³. ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π’Π°Ρ…Π° Π‘Π°Π²Π²Π°Ρ„. Π•Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ†ΠΎΠΌ Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ ΠΈΠ· Дамаска ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π‘Π°Π»ΠΈΠΌ, Π° ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡŒΡŽ – тСмнокоТая рабыня Π₯адаят, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΊΡƒΠΏΠΈΠ» Π² МСккС. Π‘Π°Π»ΠΈΠΌ освободил Π΅Ρ‘, ТСнился ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±Ρ€Π°Π» Π² Дамаск, Π³Π΄Π΅ Ρƒ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π°-сирийка. ВпослСдствии Π‘Π°Π»ΠΈΠΌ Π²Ρ‹Π³Π½Π°Π» Π₯адаят ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π° стала Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΡ†Π΅ΠΉ.

Π’Π°Ρ…Π° Π‘Π°Π²Π²Π°Ρ„ вступил Π² Π‘ΠΈΡ€ΠΎ-Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΡŽ Π² 1933 Π³. Π’ 1935 Π³. ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π» Π² ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρƒ ΠΈ поступил Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ Π² ΠšΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ унивСрситСт трудящихся Востока (ΠšΠ£Π’Π’). ΠžΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ студСнты ΠšΠ£Π’Π’ Π±Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈ псСвдонимы, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π’Π°Ρ…Π° стал Π”ΠΆΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π’ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡΠΌΡΠΎΠΌ. На это-Ρ‚ΠΎ имя Π² 1940 Π³. ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ» совСтскоС граТданство.

ΠžΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‡ΠΈΠ² ΠšΠ£Π’Π’ Π² 1937/8, Π’ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡΠΌΡ стал Π·Π°Ρ€Π°Π±Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ арабского. Π‘Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° ΠΎΠ½ Π±Ρ‹Π» граТданским ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ Π² Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π΅ 1940-Ρ… Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ» для Π½ΠΈΡ…. Π’ сСрСдинС 1940-Ρ… ΠΎΠ½ возвращался Π² Дамаск ΠΏΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈ. Π‘ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π° 1940-Ρ… Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π» Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ, Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π» ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ для арабского ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π°.

Russian-Arab Worlds ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Ρ€Π΅Π΄. Masha Kirasirova ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€.



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БовСтский арабист Π”ΠΆΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π’ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡΠΌΡ родился Π² МСккС ΠΎΠΊ.1915 Π³. ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π’Π°Ρ…Π° Π‘Π°Π²Π²Π°Ρ„. Π•Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ†ΠΎΠΌ Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ ΠΈΠ· Дамаска ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π‘Π°Π»ΠΈΠΌ, Π° ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡŒΡŽ – тСмнокоТая рабыня Π₯адаят, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΊΡƒΠΏΠΈΠ» Π² МСккС. Π‘Π°Π»ΠΈΠΌ освободил Π΅Ρ‘, ТСнился ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±Ρ€Π°Π» Π² Дамаск, Π³Π΄Π΅ Ρƒ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π°-сирийка. ВпослСдствии Π‘Π°Π»ΠΈΠΌ Π²Ρ‹Π³Π½Π°Π» Π₯адаят ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π° стала Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΡ†Π΅ΠΉ.

Π’Π°Ρ…Π° Π‘Π°Π²Π²Π°Ρ„ вступил Π² Π‘ΠΈΡ€ΠΎ-Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΡŽ Π² 1933 Π³. Π’ 1935 Π³. ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π» Π² ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρƒ ΠΈ поступил Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ Π² ΠšΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ унивСрситСт трудящихся Востока (ΠšΠ£Π’Π’). ΠžΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ студСнты ΠšΠ£Π’Π’ Π±Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈ псСвдонимы, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π’Π°Ρ…Π° стал Π”ΠΆΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π’ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡΠΌΡΠΎΠΌ. На это-Ρ‚ΠΎ имя Π² 1940 Π³. ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ» совСтскоС граТданство.

ΠžΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‡ΠΈΠ² ΠšΠ£Π’Π’ Π² 1937/8, Π’ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡΠΌΡ стал Π·Π°Ρ€Π°Π±Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ арабского. Π‘Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° ΠΎΠ½ Π±Ρ‹Π» граТданским ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ Π² Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π΅ 1940-Ρ… Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ» для Π½ΠΈΡ…. Π’ сСрСдинС 1940-Ρ… ΠΎΠ½ возвращался Π² Дамаск ΠΏΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈ. Π‘ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π° 1940-Ρ… Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π» Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ, Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π» ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ для арабского ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π°.

Russian-Arab Worlds ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Ρ€Π΅Π΄. Masha Kirasirova ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€.

BY Junger OrientalistπŸ•Š




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If you initiate a Secret Chat, however, then these communications are end-to-end encrypted and are tied to the device you are using. That means it’s less convenient to access them across multiple platforms, but you are at far less risk of snooping. Back in the day, Secret Chats received some praise from the EFF, but the fact that its standard system isn’t as secure earned it some criticism. If you’re looking for something that is considered more reliable by privacy advocates, then Signal is the EFF’s preferred platform, although that too is not without some caveats. Since January 2022, the SC has received a total of 47 complaints and enquiries on illegal investment schemes promoted through Telegram. These fraudulent schemes offer non-existent investment opportunities, promising very attractive and risk-free returns within a short span of time. They commonly offer unrealistic returns of as high as 1,000% within 24 hours or even within a few hours. Telegram has become more interventionist over time, and has steadily increased its efforts to shut down these accounts. But this has also meant that the company has also engaged with lawmakers more generally, although it maintains that it doesn’t do so willingly. For instance, in September 2021, Telegram reportedly blocked a chat bot in support of (Putin critic) Alexei Navalny during Russia’s most recent parliamentary elections. Pavel Durov was quoted at the time saying that the company was obliged to follow a β€œlegitimate” law of the land. He added that as Apple and Google both follow the law, to violate it would give both platforms a reason to boot the messenger from its stores. NEWS That hurt tech stocks. For the past few weeks, the 10-year yield has traded between 1.72% and 2%, as traders moved into the bond for safety when Russia headlines were uglyβ€”and out of it when headlines improved. Now, the yield is touching its pandemic-era high. If the yield breaks above that level, that could signal that it’s on a sustainable path higher. Higher long-dated bond yields make future profits less valuableβ€”and many tech companies are valued on the basis of profits forecast for many years in the future.
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