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微软宣布其首款量子芯片 Majorana 1

2025-02-20 15:56 by 勇者物语

微软宣布了其首款量子计算芯片 Majorana 1。微软表示,开发 Majorana 1 需要创造一种全新的物质状态,即所谓的“拓扑体”。量子计算机的核心是量子比特(qubits),这是量子计算中的信息单位,类似于今天计算机使用的二进制。问题在于,量子比特相当脆弱,并且对环境噪声非常敏感,可能导致计算错误或数据丢失——对于计算机来说是毁灭性的结果。这是量子计算目前发展缓慢的核心矛盾。为了解决这个问题,微软的量子芯片采用了一种全新的解决方案,通过创造所谓的“世界首个拓扑体”,得以观察和控制马约拉纳粒子,从而产生更可靠和可扩展的量子比特。微软透露这种拓扑体使用砷化铟(半导体)和铝(超导体),通过逐个原子设计和构建拓扑导体线材——所谓“量子时代的晶体管”。微软解释称,当拓扑导体线材被冷却到接近绝对零度并通过磁场调谐时,会在两端形成马约拉纳零能模(MZMs)。马约拉纳量子比特比其他替代品更稳定。它们快速、小巧且可以数字控制,并具有独特的属性,可以保护量子信息。

Nature:Interferometric single-shot parity measurement in InAs–Al hybrid devices
Microsoft:Microsoft unveils Majorana 1, the world’s first quantum processor powered by topological qubits

澎湃:全球首款拓扑架构量子芯片问世,微软称量子计算将在数年内实现

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微软宣布其首款量子芯片 Majorana 1

2025-02-20 15:56 by 勇者物语

微软宣布了其首款量子计算芯片 Majorana 1。微软表示,开发 Majorana 1 需要创造一种全新的物质状态,即所谓的“拓扑体”。量子计算机的核心是量子比特(qubits),这是量子计算中的信息单位,类似于今天计算机使用的二进制。问题在于,量子比特相当脆弱,并且对环境噪声非常敏感,可能导致计算错误或数据丢失——对于计算机来说是毁灭性的结果。这是量子计算目前发展缓慢的核心矛盾。为了解决这个问题,微软的量子芯片采用了一种全新的解决方案,通过创造所谓的“世界首个拓扑体”,得以观察和控制马约拉纳粒子,从而产生更可靠和可扩展的量子比特。微软透露这种拓扑体使用砷化铟(半导体)和铝(超导体),通过逐个原子设计和构建拓扑导体线材——所谓“量子时代的晶体管”。微软解释称,当拓扑导体线材被冷却到接近绝对零度并通过磁场调谐时,会在两端形成马约拉纳零能模(MZMs)。马约拉纳量子比特比其他替代品更稳定。它们快速、小巧且可以数字控制,并具有独特的属性,可以保护量子信息。

Nature:Interferometric single-shot parity measurement in InAs–Al hybrid devices
Microsoft:Microsoft unveils Majorana 1, the world’s first quantum processor powered by topological qubits

澎湃:全球首款拓扑架构量子芯片问世,微软称量子计算将在数年内实现

#科学

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