Вот три оси, по которым проходят ключевые различия между этими типами письма:
(1) письмо и значение (2) письмо и бессознательное, или психический аппарат языковой машины (3) письмо и тело
Основной тезис в том, что автоматическое письмо отчуждает язык от тела — выводя его вовне как абстрактную функцию. Но, одновременно с этим, в машинном письме неизменно присутствует телесное измерение — или, вполне буквально, тело поэта, фиксирующего собственное бессознательное; или тела краудсорсеров, которые продают техногигантам свой языковой труд.
Вот три оси, по которым проходят ключевые различия между этими типами письма:
(1) письмо и значение (2) письмо и бессознательное, или психический аппарат языковой машины (3) письмо и тело
Основной тезис в том, что автоматическое письмо отчуждает язык от тела — выводя его вовне как абстрактную функцию. Но, одновременно с этим, в машинном письме неизменно присутствует телесное измерение — или, вполне буквально, тело поэта, фиксирующего собственное бессознательное; или тела краудсорсеров, которые продают техногигантам свой языковой труд.
Telegram has become more interventionist over time, and has steadily increased its efforts to shut down these accounts. But this has also meant that the company has also engaged with lawmakers more generally, although it maintains that it doesn’t do so willingly. For instance, in September 2021, Telegram reportedly blocked a chat bot in support of (Putin critic) Alexei Navalny during Russia’s most recent parliamentary elections. Pavel Durov was quoted at the time saying that the company was obliged to follow a “legitimate” law of the land. He added that as Apple and Google both follow the law, to violate it would give both platforms a reason to boot the messenger from its stores. Perpetrators of such fraud use various marketing techniques to attract subscribers on their social media channels. The company maintains that it cannot act against individual or group chats, which are “private amongst their participants,” but it will respond to requests in relation to sticker sets, channels and bots which are publicly available. During the invasion of Ukraine, Pavel Durov has wrestled with this issue a lot more prominently than he has before. Channels like Donbass Insider and Bellum Acta, as reported by Foreign Policy, started pumping out pro-Russian propaganda as the invasion began. So much so that the Ukrainian National Security and Defense Council issued a statement labeling which accounts are Russian-backed. Ukrainian officials, in potential violation of the Geneva Convention, have shared imagery of dead and captured Russian soldiers on the platform. Messages are not fully encrypted by default. That means the company could, in theory, access the content of the messages, or be forced to hand over the data at the request of a government. In the United States, Telegram's lower public profile has helped it mostly avoid high level scrutiny from Congress, but it has not gone unnoticed.
from ua
