«Однако идея о том, что в этот период ислам распространялся через странствующих суфиев, является чисто предположительной и не имеет под собой твердой основы. Те правдоподобные свидетельства, которые мы имеем относительно обращения караханидского правителя Сатук Богра-хана (ок. 955-60 гг.), указывают скорее на влияние мусульманского правоведа (факиха) или купца. Свидетельство Ибн Фадлана позволяет предположить, что важным мотивом принятия ислама тюркскими народами в целом было желание наладить связи с мусульманскими торговцами, которые пользовались немалым авторитетом среди кочевников».
Peter Jackson, The mongols and the Islamic world, p. 49
«Однако идея о том, что в этот период ислам распространялся через странствующих суфиев, является чисто предположительной и не имеет под собой твердой основы. Те правдоподобные свидетельства, которые мы имеем относительно обращения караханидского правителя Сатук Богра-хана (ок. 955-60 гг.), указывают скорее на влияние мусульманского правоведа (факиха) или купца. Свидетельство Ибн Фадлана позволяет предположить, что важным мотивом принятия ислама тюркскими народами в целом было желание наладить связи с мусульманскими торговцами, которые пользовались немалым авторитетом среди кочевников».
Peter Jackson, The mongols and the Islamic world, p. 49
BY Dervish seri📿
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Since its launch in 2013, Telegram has grown from a simple messaging app to a broadcast network. Its user base isn’t as vast as WhatsApp’s, and its broadcast platform is a fraction the size of Twitter, but it’s nonetheless showing its use. While Telegram has been embroiled in controversy for much of its life, it has become a vital source of communication during the invasion of Ukraine. But, if all of this is new to you, let us explain, dear friends, what on Earth a Telegram is meant to be, and why you should, or should not, need to care. Ukrainian forces have since put up a strong resistance to the Russian troops amid the war that has left hundreds of Ukrainian civilians, including children, dead, according to the United Nations. Ukrainian and international officials have accused Russia of targeting civilian populations with shelling and bombardments. But Telegram says people want to keep their chat history when they get a new phone, and they like having a data backup that will sync their chats across multiple devices. And that is why they let people choose whether they want their messages to be encrypted or not. When not turned on, though, chats are stored on Telegram's services, which are scattered throughout the world. But it has "disclosed 0 bytes of user data to third parties, including governments," Telegram states on its website. Telegram has become more interventionist over time, and has steadily increased its efforts to shut down these accounts. But this has also meant that the company has also engaged with lawmakers more generally, although it maintains that it doesn’t do so willingly. For instance, in September 2021, Telegram reportedly blocked a chat bot in support of (Putin critic) Alexei Navalny during Russia’s most recent parliamentary elections. Pavel Durov was quoted at the time saying that the company was obliged to follow a “legitimate” law of the land. He added that as Apple and Google both follow the law, to violate it would give both platforms a reason to boot the messenger from its stores. Such instructions could actually endanger people — citizens receive air strike warnings via smartphone alerts.
from ua
