Обосновывая теории или собственные воззрения, мы ищем то, что свидетельствует в их пользу. Но что именно может быть свидетельством? Как оценивать ссылки на то, что человеку дано в непосредственном опыте? И можно ли доверять свидетельствам со слов других? Алексей Кардаш рассказывает о том, какими бывают свидетельства и как их осмысляют в современной эпистемологии.
Обосновывая теории или собственные воззрения, мы ищем то, что свидетельствует в их пользу. Но что именно может быть свидетельством? Как оценивать ссылки на то, что человеку дано в непосредственном опыте? И можно ли доверять свидетельствам со слов других? Алексей Кардаш рассказывает о том, какими бывают свидетельства и как их осмысляют в современной эпистемологии.
At the start of 2018, the company attempted to launch an Initial Coin Offering (ICO) which would enable it to enable payments (and earn the cash that comes from doing so). The initial signals were promising, especially given Telegram’s user base is already fairly crypto-savvy. It raised an initial tranche of cash – worth more than a billion dollars – to help develop the coin before opening sales to the public. Unfortunately, third-party sales of coins bought in those initial fundraising rounds raised the ire of the SEC, which brought the hammer down on the whole operation. In 2020, officials ordered Telegram to pay a fine of $18.5 million and hand back much of the cash that it had raised. Asked about its stance on disinformation, Telegram spokesperson Remi Vaughn told AFP: "As noted by our CEO, the sheer volume of information being shared on channels makes it extremely difficult to verify, so it's important that users double-check what they read." If you initiate a Secret Chat, however, then these communications are end-to-end encrypted and are tied to the device you are using. That means it’s less convenient to access them across multiple platforms, but you are at far less risk of snooping. Back in the day, Secret Chats received some praise from the EFF, but the fact that its standard system isn’t as secure earned it some criticism. If you’re looking for something that is considered more reliable by privacy advocates, then Signal is the EFF’s preferred platform, although that too is not without some caveats. Russian President Vladimir Putin launched Russia's invasion of Ukraine in the early-morning hours of February 24, targeting several key cities with military strikes. In the United States, Telegram's lower public profile has helped it mostly avoid high level scrutiny from Congress, but it has not gone unnoticed.
from ua