False news often spreads via public groups, or chats, with potentially fatal effects. In 2018, Russia banned Telegram although it reversed the prohibition two years later. The gold standard of encryption, known as end-to-end encryption, where only the sender and person who receives the message are able to see it, is available on Telegram only when the Secret Chat function is enabled. Voice and video calls are also completely encrypted. But because group chats and the channel features are not end-to-end encrypted, Galperin said user privacy is potentially under threat. Again, in contrast to Facebook, Google and Twitter, Telegram's founder Pavel Durov runs his company in relative secrecy from Dubai.
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