To test the predictions of this model, we use data from 13 US states who passed pay transparency laws protecting the “right of workers to talk” (ROWTT) about wages prior to federal policies extending these rights to all government contract workers in 2016. Using a multi-period difference-in-differences (“event study”) design, we find that ROWTT laws decrease the average wages of full-time workers by roughly 2% over the three years following enactment.
The size of this effect is mediated by the degree of individual bargaining power that workers have before the enactment of these laws. We find a negligible impact on the wages of unionized occupations and a bigger impact on wages of college-educated workers with higher individual bargaining power, whose wages decline on average by 4%
To test the predictions of this model, we use data from 13 US states who passed pay transparency laws protecting the “right of workers to talk” (ROWTT) about wages prior to federal policies extending these rights to all government contract workers in 2016. Using a multi-period difference-in-differences (“event study”) design, we find that ROWTT laws decrease the average wages of full-time workers by roughly 2% over the three years following enactment.
The size of this effect is mediated by the degree of individual bargaining power that workers have before the enactment of these laws. We find a negligible impact on the wages of unionized occupations and a bigger impact on wages of college-educated workers with higher individual bargaining power, whose wages decline on average by 4%
Channels are not fully encrypted, end-to-end. All communications on a Telegram channel can be seen by anyone on the channel and are also visible to Telegram. Telegram may be asked by a government to hand over the communications from a channel. Telegram has a history of standing up to Russian government requests for data, but how comfortable you are relying on that history to predict future behavior is up to you. Because Telegram has this data, it may also be stolen by hackers or leaked by an internal employee. False news often spreads via public groups, or chats, with potentially fatal effects. In addition, Telegram's architecture limits the ability to slow the spread of false information: the lack of a central public feed, and the fact that comments are easily disabled in channels, reduce the space for public pushback. Pavel Durov, Telegram's CEO, is known as "the Russian Mark Zuckerberg," for co-founding VKontakte, which is Russian for "in touch," a Facebook imitator that became the country's most popular social networking site. Such instructions could actually endanger people — citizens receive air strike warnings via smartphone alerts.
from ua
