At Chalcedon, Pope St Leo the Great was the one who drafted the main document, the Tome, and it was widely hailed by the bishops in attendance as masterful defense of orthodoxy. Pope Leo the Great's authoritative role at the council exemplifies the recognition of Roman Supremacy. His "Tome" was accepted as a standard of orthodoxy, and his legates presided over the council, affirming the pope's authority . To Quote Session II of the Acts of the Council records:
βAfter the reading of the foregoing epistle [The Tome of Leo], the most reverend bishops cried out: βThis is the faith of the fathers! This is the faith of the apostles! So we all believe! Thus the orthodox believe! Anathema to him who does not thus believe! Peter has spoken thus through Leo! . . . This is the true faith! Those of us who are orthodox thus believe! This is the faith of the Fathers!ββ (Acts of the Council, session 2 [A.D. 451]).
At Chalcedon, Pope St Leo the Great was the one who drafted the main document, the Tome, and it was widely hailed by the bishops in attendance as masterful defense of orthodoxy. Pope Leo the Great's authoritative role at the council exemplifies the recognition of Roman Supremacy. His "Tome" was accepted as a standard of orthodoxy, and his legates presided over the council, affirming the pope's authority . To Quote Session II of the Acts of the Council records:
βAfter the reading of the foregoing epistle [The Tome of Leo], the most reverend bishops cried out: βThis is the faith of the fathers! This is the faith of the apostles! So we all believe! Thus the orthodox believe! Anathema to him who does not thus believe! Peter has spoken thus through Leo! . . . This is the true faith! Those of us who are orthodox thus believe! This is the faith of the Fathers!ββ (Acts of the Council, session 2 [A.D. 451]).
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The gold standard of encryption, known as end-to-end encryption, where only the sender and person who receives the message are able to see it, is available on Telegram only when the Secret Chat function is enabled. Voice and video calls are also completely encrypted. So, uh, whenever I hear about Telegram, itβs always in relation to something bad. What gives? That hurt tech stocks. For the past few weeks, the 10-year yield has traded between 1.72% and 2%, as traders moved into the bond for safety when Russia headlines were uglyβand out of it when headlines improved. Now, the yield is touching its pandemic-era high. If the yield breaks above that level, that could signal that itβs on a sustainable path higher. Higher long-dated bond yields make future profits less valuableβand many tech companies are valued on the basis of profits forecast for many years in the future. But Telegram says people want to keep their chat history when they get a new phone, and they like having a data backup that will sync their chats across multiple devices. And that is why they let people choose whether they want their messages to be encrypted or not. When not turned on, though, chats are stored on Telegram's services, which are scattered throughout the world. But it has "disclosed 0 bytes of user data to third parties, including governments," Telegram states on its website. In 2014, Pavel Durov fled the country after allies of the Kremlin took control of the social networking site most know just as VK. Russia's intelligence agency had asked Durov to turn over the data of anti-Kremlin protesters. Durov refused to do so.
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