Почему в памяти украинцев Екатерина II осталась с большим минусом, в отличие, например, от татар (которые называют ее эби-патша, т.е. бабушка-царица)? Историк Кацва о том, как шла колонизация и закрепощение Украины в эпоху самопровозглашенной немки на петербургском троне. При этом положение украинских крестьян оставалось немного лучше, чем русских.
Почему в памяти украинцев Екатерина II осталась с большим минусом, в отличие, например, от татар (которые называют ее эби-патша, т.е. бабушка-царица)? Историк Кацва о том, как шла колонизация и закрепощение Украины в эпоху самопровозглашенной немки на петербургском троне. При этом положение украинских крестьян оставалось немного лучше, чем русских.
Since its launch in 2013, Telegram has grown from a simple messaging app to a broadcast network. Its user base isn’t as vast as WhatsApp’s, and its broadcast platform is a fraction the size of Twitter, but it’s nonetheless showing its use. While Telegram has been embroiled in controversy for much of its life, it has become a vital source of communication during the invasion of Ukraine. But, if all of this is new to you, let us explain, dear friends, what on Earth a Telegram is meant to be, and why you should, or should not, need to care. WhatsApp, a rival messaging platform, introduced some measures to counter disinformation when Covid-19 was first sweeping the world. In a statement, the regulator said the search and seizure operation was carried out against seven individuals and one corporate entity at multiple locations in Ahmedabad and Bhavnagar in Gujarat, Neemuch in Madhya Pradesh, Delhi, and Mumbai. But because group chats and the channel features are not end-to-end encrypted, Galperin said user privacy is potentially under threat. Groups are also not fully encrypted, end-to-end. This includes private groups. Private groups cannot be seen by other Telegram users, but Telegram itself can see the groups and all of the communications that you have in them. All of the same risks and warnings about channels can be applied to groups.
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