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کدام یک از فرآیندهای زیر بیشتر احتمال دارد که در مهندسی بافت با استفاده از سلول‌های بنیادی جنینی (ESC) به تحریک تمایز سلولی در جهت بافت‌های خاص مانند استخوان یا غضروف منجر شود؟ 👩🏻💻👩🏻🔬🌿
Anonymous Quiz
1. استفاده از محیط کشت غنی‌شده با فاکتورهای رشد BMP (Bone Morphogenetic Proteins)
2. ایجاد شرایط هایپوکسی با فشار کم اکسیژن در محیط کشت
3. مهار مسیر سیگنال‌دهی Wnt به‌وسیله مهارکننده‌های خاص
4. استفاده از مواد هیدروژلی به عنوان داربست‌های سه‌بعدی بدون افزودن فاکتورهای رشد
In February 2014, the Ukrainian people ousted pro-Russian president Viktor Yanukovych, prompting Russia to invade and annex the Crimean peninsula. By the start of April, Pavel Durov had given his notice, with TechCrunch saying at the time that the CEO had resisted pressure to suppress pages criticizing the Russian government. In a message on his Telegram channel recently recounting the episode, Durov wrote: "I lost my company and my home, but would do it again – without hesitation." Channels are not fully encrypted, end-to-end. All communications on a Telegram channel can be seen by anyone on the channel and are also visible to Telegram. Telegram may be asked by a government to hand over the communications from a channel. Telegram has a history of standing up to Russian government requests for data, but how comfortable you are relying on that history to predict future behavior is up to you. Because Telegram has this data, it may also be stolen by hackers or leaked by an internal employee. Some people used the platform to organize ahead of the storming of the U.S. Capitol in January 2021, and last month Senator Mark Warner sent a letter to Durov urging him to curb Russian information operations on Telegram. What distinguishes the app from competitors is its use of what's known as channels: Public or private feeds of photos and videos that can be set up by one person or an organization. The channels have become popular with on-the-ground journalists, aid workers and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, who broadcasts on a Telegram channel. The channels can be followed by an unlimited number of people. Unlike Facebook, Twitter and other popular social networks, there is no advertising on Telegram and the flow of information is not driven by an algorithm.
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