"Фашизм - это попытка создать трансцендентное национальное государство, при помощи парамилитаризма проведя народ через чистки", - считает социолог Майкл Манн.
По его словам, так как нации возникли в Новое время, националисты притязают на древность своего народа. Они как бы наследники древних королей.
При этом Манн считает нацистов фашистами. Для него фашизм - это общее понятие для всех ультраправых. В частности, он подчеркивает, что у итальянских фашистов и немецких национал-социалистов были общие базовые ценности.
"Фашизм - это попытка создать трансцендентное национальное государство, при помощи парамилитаризма проведя народ через чистки", - считает социолог Майкл Манн.
По его словам, так как нации возникли в Новое время, националисты притязают на древность своего народа. Они как бы наследники древних королей.
При этом Манн считает нацистов фашистами. Для него фашизм - это общее понятие для всех ультраправых. В частности, он подчеркивает, что у итальянских фашистов и немецких национал-социалистов были общие базовые ценности.
BY Записки на заборе
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Telegram boasts 500 million users, who share information individually and in groups in relative security. But Telegram's use as a one-way broadcast channel — which followers can join but not reply to — means content from inauthentic accounts can easily reach large, captive and eager audiences. In the United States, Telegram's lower public profile has helped it mostly avoid high level scrutiny from Congress, but it has not gone unnoticed. But Telegram says people want to keep their chat history when they get a new phone, and they like having a data backup that will sync their chats across multiple devices. And that is why they let people choose whether they want their messages to be encrypted or not. When not turned on, though, chats are stored on Telegram's services, which are scattered throughout the world. But it has "disclosed 0 bytes of user data to third parties, including governments," Telegram states on its website. Telegram has become more interventionist over time, and has steadily increased its efforts to shut down these accounts. But this has also meant that the company has also engaged with lawmakers more generally, although it maintains that it doesn’t do so willingly. For instance, in September 2021, Telegram reportedly blocked a chat bot in support of (Putin critic) Alexei Navalny during Russia’s most recent parliamentary elections. Pavel Durov was quoted at the time saying that the company was obliged to follow a “legitimate” law of the land. He added that as Apple and Google both follow the law, to violate it would give both platforms a reason to boot the messenger from its stores. Oh no. There’s a certain degree of myth-making around what exactly went on, so take everything that follows lightly. Telegram was originally launched as a side project by the Durov brothers, with Nikolai handling the coding and Pavel as CEO, while both were at VK.
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