Трансформация легитимности и халифата в исламских государствах
Аббасидский и пост-Аббасидский период
Использованные источники:
1. Hüseyin Yılmaz, Caliphate Redefined: The Mystical Turn in Ottoman Political Thought, pp. 1-18. 2. Christopher Markiewicz, The Crisis of Kingship in Late Medieval Islam: Persian Emigres and the Making of Ottoman Sovereignty, pp. 1-12 3. Marshall Hodgson, The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization.
Трансформация легитимности и халифата в исламских государствах
Аббасидский и пост-Аббасидский период
Использованные источники:
1. Hüseyin Yılmaz, Caliphate Redefined: The Mystical Turn in Ottoman Political Thought, pp. 1-18. 2. Christopher Markiewicz, The Crisis of Kingship in Late Medieval Islam: Persian Emigres and the Making of Ottoman Sovereignty, pp. 1-12 3. Marshall Hodgson, The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization.
You may recall that, back when Facebook started changing WhatsApp’s terms of service, a number of news outlets reported on, and even recommended, switching to Telegram. Pavel Durov even said that users should delete WhatsApp “unless you are cool with all of your photos and messages becoming public one day.” But Telegram can’t be described as a more-secure version of WhatsApp. He said that since his platform does not have the capacity to check all channels, it may restrict some in Russia and Ukraine "for the duration of the conflict," but then reversed course hours later after many users complained that Telegram was an important source of information. Since its launch in 2013, Telegram has grown from a simple messaging app to a broadcast network. Its user base isn’t as vast as WhatsApp’s, and its broadcast platform is a fraction the size of Twitter, but it’s nonetheless showing its use. While Telegram has been embroiled in controversy for much of its life, it has become a vital source of communication during the invasion of Ukraine. But, if all of this is new to you, let us explain, dear friends, what on Earth a Telegram is meant to be, and why you should, or should not, need to care. "There are several million Russians who can lift their head up from propaganda and try to look for other sources, and I'd say that most look for it on Telegram," he said. There was another possible development: Reuters also reported that Ukraine said that Belarus could soon join the invasion of Ukraine. However, the AFP, citing a Pentagon official, said the U.S. hasn’t yet seen evidence that Belarusian troops are in Ukraine.
from us
