Элизабет Энском внесла существенный вклад в этику и теорию действий, будучи одной из первых аналитических женщин-философов. Так, именно она является автором термина «консеквенциализм», а представления Энском о причинно-следственных связях и намерениях составили конкуренцию теории причинности Юма. Одновременно с этим она была ближайшей подругой Витгенштейна, распорядительницей его наследства, ревностной католичкой в некатолической стране и активистской, выступавшей против Гэрри Трумана, абортов и контрацепции. Вместе с Василом мы обсуждаем сложную личность Энском и её философское наследие.
Элизабет Энском внесла существенный вклад в этику и теорию действий, будучи одной из первых аналитических женщин-философов. Так, именно она является автором термина «консеквенциализм», а представления Энском о причинно-следственных связях и намерениях составили конкуренцию теории причинности Юма. Одновременно с этим она была ближайшей подругой Витгенштейна, распорядительницей его наследства, ревностной католичкой в некатолической стране и активистской, выступавшей против Гэрри Трумана, абортов и контрацепции. Вместе с Василом мы обсуждаем сложную личность Энском и её философское наследие.
And indeed, volatility has been a hallmark of the market environment so far in 2022, with the S&P 500 still down more than 10% for the year-to-date after first sliding into a correction last month. The CBOE Volatility Index, or VIX, has held at a lofty level of more than 30. Since its launch in 2013, Telegram has grown from a simple messaging app to a broadcast network. Its user base isn’t as vast as WhatsApp’s, and its broadcast platform is a fraction the size of Twitter, but it’s nonetheless showing its use. While Telegram has been embroiled in controversy for much of its life, it has become a vital source of communication during the invasion of Ukraine. But, if all of this is new to you, let us explain, dear friends, what on Earth a Telegram is meant to be, and why you should, or should not, need to care. Telegram has gained a reputation as the “secure” communications app in the post-Soviet states, but whenever you make choices about your digital security, it’s important to start by asking yourself, “What exactly am I securing? And who am I securing it from?” These questions should inform your decisions about whether you are using the right tool or platform for your digital security needs. Telegram is certainly not the most secure messaging app on the market right now. Its security model requires users to place a great deal of trust in Telegram’s ability to protect user data. For some users, this may be good enough for now. For others, it may be wiser to move to a different platform for certain kinds of high-risk communications. But Telegram says people want to keep their chat history when they get a new phone, and they like having a data backup that will sync their chats across multiple devices. And that is why they let people choose whether they want their messages to be encrypted or not. When not turned on, though, chats are stored on Telegram's services, which are scattered throughout the world. But it has "disclosed 0 bytes of user data to third parties, including governments," Telegram states on its website. The gold standard of encryption, known as end-to-end encryption, where only the sender and person who receives the message are able to see it, is available on Telegram only when the Secret Chat function is enabled. Voice and video calls are also completely encrypted.
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