مالیات و امنیت ملی: هشداری برای مالیات‌ستانی مسئولانه در ایران https://us/risstudies.com.org/?p=6471 ریحانه نادری‌نژاد | عضو هیئت علمی پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردی جمهوری اسلامی ایران در دههٔ پنجم حیات خود ناگزیر برای بازگشت به آرمان انقلابی و توسعه‌گرای استقلال از درآمدهای نفتی شده است. در عمل منبع تأمین مالی دولت، مهم‌ترین رکن تعیین‌کننده ماهیت دولت شناخته می‌شود که اقتضائات فراگیری در ابعاد مختلف حکمرانی ملی دارد. با این…
مالیات و امنیت ملی: هشداری برای مالیات‌ستانی مسئولانه در ایران https://us/risstudies.com.org/?p=6471 ریحانه نادری‌نژاد | عضو هیئت علمی پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردی جمهوری اسلامی ایران در دههٔ پنجم حیات خود ناگزیر برای بازگشت به آرمان انقلابی و توسعه‌گرای استقلال از درآمدهای نفتی شده است. در عمل منبع تأمین مالی دولت، مهم‌ترین رکن تعیین‌کننده ماهیت دولت شناخته می‌شود که اقتضائات فراگیری در ابعاد مختلف حکمرانی ملی دارد. با این…
Telegram has gained a reputation as the “secure” communications app in the post-Soviet states, but whenever you make choices about your digital security, it’s important to start by asking yourself, “What exactly am I securing? And who am I securing it from?” These questions should inform your decisions about whether you are using the right tool or platform for your digital security needs. Telegram is certainly not the most secure messaging app on the market right now. Its security model requires users to place a great deal of trust in Telegram’s ability to protect user data. For some users, this may be good enough for now. For others, it may be wiser to move to a different platform for certain kinds of high-risk communications. Groups are also not fully encrypted, end-to-end. This includes private groups. Private groups cannot be seen by other Telegram users, but Telegram itself can see the groups and all of the communications that you have in them. All of the same risks and warnings about channels can be applied to groups. This provided opportunity to their linked entities to offload their shares at higher prices and make significant profits at the cost of unsuspecting retail investors. But Telegram says people want to keep their chat history when they get a new phone, and they like having a data backup that will sync their chats across multiple devices. And that is why they let people choose whether they want their messages to be encrypted or not. When not turned on, though, chats are stored on Telegram's services, which are scattered throughout the world. But it has "disclosed 0 bytes of user data to third parties, including governments," Telegram states on its website. What distinguishes the app from competitors is its use of what's known as channels: Public or private feeds of photos and videos that can be set up by one person or an organization. The channels have become popular with on-the-ground journalists, aid workers and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, who broadcasts on a Telegram channel. The channels can be followed by an unlimited number of people. Unlike Facebook, Twitter and other popular social networks, there is no advertising on Telegram and the flow of information is not driven by an algorithm.
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