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Цена на топливо: слева с налогами, справа без (рыночная)

Большая часть цены (около 60%) на топливо в Германии формируется за счёт налогов и государственных сборов. В случае литра бензина, например, это:

— 65,45 центов энергетического налога
— ~27 центов НДС
— 7 центов налога на СО2

Лишь остальные ~40% это закупочная цена, логистика и маржа АЗС.



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Цена на топливо: слева с налогами, справа без (рыночная)

Большая часть цены (около 60%) на топливо в Германии формируется за счёт налогов и государственных сборов. В случае литра бензина, например, это:

— 65,45 центов энергетического налога
— ~27 центов НДС
— 7 центов налога на СО2

Лишь остальные ~40% это закупочная цена, логистика и маржа АЗС.

BY Бундесканцлер




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Right now the digital security needs of Russians and Ukrainians are very different, and they lead to very different caveats about how to mitigate the risks associated with using Telegram. For Ukrainians in Ukraine, whose physical safety is at risk because they are in a war zone, digital security is probably not their highest priority. They may value access to news and communication with their loved ones over making sure that all of their communications are encrypted in such a manner that they are indecipherable to Telegram, its employees, or governments with court orders. "He has to start being more proactive and to find a real solution to this situation, not stay in standby without interfering. It's a very irresponsible position from the owner of Telegram," she said. "There are several million Russians who can lift their head up from propaganda and try to look for other sources, and I'd say that most look for it on Telegram," he said. In addition, Telegram's architecture limits the ability to slow the spread of false information: the lack of a central public feed, and the fact that comments are easily disabled in channels, reduce the space for public pushback. Telegram does offer end-to-end encrypted communications through Secret Chats, but this is not the default setting. Standard conversations use the MTProto method, enabling server-client encryption but with them stored on the server for ease-of-access. This makes using Telegram across multiple devices simple, but also means that the regular Telegram chats you’re having with folks are not as secure as you may believe.
from vn


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