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Цена на топливо: слева с налогами, справа без (рыночная)

Большая часть цены (около 60%) на топливо в Германии формируется за счёт налогов и государственных сборов. В случае литра бензина, например, это:

— 65,45 центов энергетического налога
— ~27 центов НДС
— 7 центов налога на СО2

Лишь остальные ~40% это закупочная цена, логистика и маржа АЗС.



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Цена на топливо: слева с налогами, справа без (рыночная)

Большая часть цены (около 60%) на топливо в Германии формируется за счёт налогов и государственных сборов. В случае литра бензина, например, это:

— 65,45 центов энергетического налога
— ~27 центов НДС
— 7 центов налога на СО2

Лишь остальные ~40% это закупочная цена, логистика и маржа АЗС.

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"There is a significant risk of insider threat or hacking of Telegram systems that could expose all of these chats to the Russian government," said Eva Galperin with the Electronic Frontier Foundation, which has called for Telegram to improve its privacy practices. Russians and Ukrainians are both prolific users of Telegram. They rely on the app for channels that act as newsfeeds, group chats (both public and private), and one-to-one communication. Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Telegram has remained an important lifeline for both Russians and Ukrainians, as a way of staying aware of the latest news and keeping in touch with loved ones. At this point, however, Durov had already been working on Telegram with his brother, and further planned a mobile-first social network with an explicit focus on anti-censorship. Later in April, he told TechCrunch that he had left Russia and had “no plans to go back,” saying that the nation was currently “incompatible with internet business at the moment.” He added later that he was looking for a country that matched his libertarian ideals to base his next startup. Lastly, the web previews of t.me links have been given a new look, adding chat backgrounds and design elements from the fully-features Telegram Web client. The gold standard of encryption, known as end-to-end encryption, where only the sender and person who receives the message are able to see it, is available on Telegram only when the Secret Chat function is enabled. Voice and video calls are also completely encrypted.
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