📌Understanding the Introduction Section in Scientific Writing
The introduction is a critical section of a scientific paper, setting the stage for the study by providing background, defining the research problem, and stating objectives. A well-structured introduction follows this format:
🔹Background – Presents context, significance, and relevant literature. 🔹Research Problem – Identifies gaps in existing knowledge. 🔹Objective – Clearly states the purpose of the study.
📖Example of a Background Section (Excerpt): "Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite advancements in targeted therapies, overall survival remains low. The expression of PD-L1 has been proposed as a potential biomarker for predicting response to immunotherapy."
📊Example of a Research Problem Statement (Excerpt): "While PD-L1 expression has shown promise in stratifying patient response to immunotherapy, variability in outcomes suggests the need for further investigation into its predictive value across diverse patient populations."
🎯Example of an Objective Statement (Excerpt): "This study aims to evaluate the prognostic role of PD-L1 expression in lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy and its association with survival outcomes."
💡Why Write a Strong Introduction? ✅ Engages the reader by establishing the study's importance. ✅ Clearly defines research gaps and justifies the study. ✅ Provides a logical transition into the methodology.
📌Understanding the Introduction Section in Scientific Writing
The introduction is a critical section of a scientific paper, setting the stage for the study by providing background, defining the research problem, and stating objectives. A well-structured introduction follows this format:
🔹Background – Presents context, significance, and relevant literature. 🔹Research Problem – Identifies gaps in existing knowledge. 🔹Objective – Clearly states the purpose of the study.
📖Example of a Background Section (Excerpt): "Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite advancements in targeted therapies, overall survival remains low. The expression of PD-L1 has been proposed as a potential biomarker for predicting response to immunotherapy."
📊Example of a Research Problem Statement (Excerpt): "While PD-L1 expression has shown promise in stratifying patient response to immunotherapy, variability in outcomes suggests the need for further investigation into its predictive value across diverse patient populations."
🎯Example of an Objective Statement (Excerpt): "This study aims to evaluate the prognostic role of PD-L1 expression in lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy and its association with survival outcomes."
💡Why Write a Strong Introduction? ✅ Engages the reader by establishing the study's importance. ✅ Clearly defines research gaps and justifies the study. ✅ Provides a logical transition into the methodology.
The company maintains that it cannot act against individual or group chats, which are “private amongst their participants,” but it will respond to requests in relation to sticker sets, channels and bots which are publicly available. During the invasion of Ukraine, Pavel Durov has wrestled with this issue a lot more prominently than he has before. Channels like Donbass Insider and Bellum Acta, as reported by Foreign Policy, started pumping out pro-Russian propaganda as the invasion began. So much so that the Ukrainian National Security and Defense Council issued a statement labeling which accounts are Russian-backed. Ukrainian officials, in potential violation of the Geneva Convention, have shared imagery of dead and captured Russian soldiers on the platform. "The argument from Telegram is, 'You should trust us because we tell you that we're trustworthy,'" Maréchal said. "It's really in the eye of the beholder whether that's something you want to buy into." You may recall that, back when Facebook started changing WhatsApp’s terms of service, a number of news outlets reported on, and even recommended, switching to Telegram. Pavel Durov even said that users should delete WhatsApp “unless you are cool with all of your photos and messages becoming public one day.” But Telegram can’t be described as a more-secure version of WhatsApp. In the United States, Telegram's lower public profile has helped it mostly avoid high level scrutiny from Congress, but it has not gone unnoticed. Telegram has become more interventionist over time, and has steadily increased its efforts to shut down these accounts. But this has also meant that the company has also engaged with lawmakers more generally, although it maintains that it doesn’t do so willingly. For instance, in September 2021, Telegram reportedly blocked a chat bot in support of (Putin critic) Alexei Navalny during Russia’s most recent parliamentary elections. Pavel Durov was quoted at the time saying that the company was obliged to follow a “legitimate” law of the land. He added that as Apple and Google both follow the law, to violate it would give both platforms a reason to boot the messenger from its stores.
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