Географическое происхождение ученых в исламском мире, основанное на «Та'рих аль-ислам», книге XIV века, содержащей 30 000 биографий выдающихся ученых мусульманского мира. В инфографике показан ранний упадок арабских ученых и подъем иракских, а затем иранских ученых. Далее последовал позднесредневековый упадок Ирака и Ирана и переориентация на Сирию и Египет. Причем падение хронологически совпадает с монгольским нашествием, после которого этот регион интеллектуально так и не восстановился.
Географическое происхождение ученых в исламском мире, основанное на «Та'рих аль-ислам», книге XIV века, содержащей 30 000 биографий выдающихся ученых мусульманского мира. В инфографике показан ранний упадок арабских ученых и подъем иракских, а затем иранских ученых. Далее последовал позднесредневековый упадок Ирака и Ирана и переориентация на Сирию и Египет. Причем падение хронологически совпадает с монгольским нашествием, после которого этот регион интеллектуально так и не восстановился.
The Security Service of Ukraine said in a tweet that it was able to effectively target Russian convoys near Kyiv because of messages sent to an official Telegram bot account called "STOP Russian War." Individual messages can be fully encrypted. But the user has to turn on that function. It's not automatic, as it is on Signal and WhatsApp. In February 2014, the Ukrainian people ousted pro-Russian president Viktor Yanukovych, prompting Russia to invade and annex the Crimean peninsula. By the start of April, Pavel Durov had given his notice, with TechCrunch saying at the time that the CEO had resisted pressure to suppress pages criticizing the Russian government. Overall, extreme levels of fear in the market seems to have morphed into something more resembling concern. For example, the Cboe Volatility Index fell from its 2022 peak of 36, which it hit Monday, to around 30 on Friday, a sign of easing tensions. Meanwhile, while the price of WTI crude oil slipped from Sunday’s multiyear high $130 of barrel to $109 a pop. Markets have been expecting heavy restrictions on Russian oil, some of which the U.S. has already imposed, and that would reduce the global supply and bring about even more burdensome inflation. If you initiate a Secret Chat, however, then these communications are end-to-end encrypted and are tied to the device you are using. That means it’s less convenient to access them across multiple platforms, but you are at far less risk of snooping. Back in the day, Secret Chats received some praise from the EFF, but the fact that its standard system isn’t as secure earned it some criticism. If you’re looking for something that is considered more reliable by privacy advocates, then Signal is the EFF’s preferred platform, although that too is not without some caveats.
from ms
