Географическое происхождение ученых в исламском мире, основанное на «Та'рих аль-ислам», книге XIV века, содержащей 30 000 биографий выдающихся ученых мусульманского мира. В инфографике показан ранний упадок арабских ученых и подъем иракских, а затем иранских ученых. Далее последовал позднесредневековый упадок Ирака и Ирана и переориентация на Сирию и Египет. Причем падение хронологически совпадает с монгольским нашествием, после которого этот регион интеллектуально так и не восстановился.
Географическое происхождение ученых в исламском мире, основанное на «Та'рих аль-ислам», книге XIV века, содержащей 30 000 биографий выдающихся ученых мусульманского мира. В инфографике показан ранний упадок арабских ученых и подъем иракских, а затем иранских ученых. Далее последовал позднесредневековый упадок Ирака и Ирана и переориентация на Сирию и Египет. Причем падение хронологически совпадает с монгольским нашествием, после которого этот регион интеллектуально так и не восстановился.
On February 27th, Durov posted that Channels were becoming a source of unverified information and that the company lacks the ability to check on their veracity. He urged users to be mistrustful of the things shared on Channels, and initially threatened to block the feature in the countries involved for the length of the war, saying that he didn’t want Telegram to be used to aggravate conflict or incite ethnic hatred. He did, however, walk back this plan when it became clear that they had also become a vital communications tool for Ukrainian officials and citizens to help coordinate their resistance and evacuations. Right now the digital security needs of Russians and Ukrainians are very different, and they lead to very different caveats about how to mitigate the risks associated with using Telegram. For Ukrainians in Ukraine, whose physical safety is at risk because they are in a war zone, digital security is probably not their highest priority. They may value access to news and communication with their loved ones over making sure that all of their communications are encrypted in such a manner that they are indecipherable to Telegram, its employees, or governments with court orders. To that end, when files are actively downloading, a new icon now appears in the Search bar that users can tap to view and manage downloads, pause and resume all downloads or just individual items, and select one to increase its priority or view it in a chat. But Kliuchnikov, the Ukranian now in France, said he will use Signal or WhatsApp for sensitive conversations, but questions around privacy on Telegram do not give him pause when it comes to sharing information about the war. Ukrainian forces have since put up a strong resistance to the Russian troops amid the war that has left hundreds of Ukrainian civilians, including children, dead, according to the United Nations. Ukrainian and international officials have accused Russia of targeting civilian populations with shelling and bombardments.
from ua
